TEXT 1

Differences of fl oral resource use between honey bees and wild bees in an intensive farming system

1. Bees provide an essential pollination service for crops
2. and wild plants. However, substantial declines in bee
3. populations and diversity have been observed in Europe
4. and North America for the past 50 years, partly due to the
5. loss of natural habitats and reduction of plant diversity
6. resulting from agricultural intensifi cation. To mitigate
7. the negative effects of agricultural intensifi cation, agrienvironmental
8. schemes (AES) have been proposed to
9. sustain bees and other pollinators in agrosystems. AES
10. include the preservation of semi-natural habitats such as
11. grasslands, fallows, woodlots, hedgerows or set-aside
12. fi eld margins. However, empirical evidence suggests that
13. the use of those semi-natural habitats by bees may vary
14. greatly among bee functional groups and may further
15. be infl uenced by the presence of alternative foraging
16. habitats such as mass-fl owering crops. The present study
17. sets out to investigate whether the three bee groups
18. typically targeted by AES (honey bees, bumble bees
19. and other wild bees) differ in the way they use those
20. semi-natural habitats relative to common mass-fl owering
21. crops (oilseed rape, sunfl ower, alfalfa) in an intensive
22. agricultural farming system. A clear segregation pattern in
23. the use of fl oral resources appeared between honey bees
24. and wild bees, with the former being tightly associated
25. with mass-fl owering crops and the latter with semi-natural
26. habitats. Bumble bees had an intermediate strategy and
27. behaved as habitat generalists. Therefore, it would be
28. sensible to treat the three bee groups with distinct AES
29. management strategies, and to further consider potential
30. effects on AES effi ciency of alternative foraging habitats in
31. the surrounding. This study also stresses the importance
32. of native fl oral resources, particularly in semi-natural
33. herbaceous habitats, for sustaining wild bee populations.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809. Acesso em set 2013.

 

 

TEXT 2

Eight rules for walks in the country Posted by Tom Cox

1. “It’s quite an up and down kind of walk,” said my friend
2. Emma. “Oh,” added Emma, “and it gets a bit blowy up there,
3. so I’d leave your credit card back here if I were you.” I gave
4. her a searching look, wondering how a credit card might
5. relate to a strong wind. “I took mine up there the other week
6. and it blew out of my hand into the sea,” she clarifi ed. “I had
7. to order a new one.”
8. I fell in love with walking because it lifted my spirit
9. and took me to parts of my local area that I would never
10. have _________ otherwise, but also because there was
11. something brilliantly ridiculous about the idea of _________
12. yourself, on a whim, alone, in a bit of countryside you’d never
13. _________ before, with no real goal apart from putting one
14. foot in front of the other.
15. I’ve never really dressed in any walking-specifi c clothing
16. or taken any special supplies out with me, but I do think
17. there are a few things I’ve learned about “how to walk” in
18. gentle terrain that might help others. I have compiled some
19. of the main ones: always be assertive in saying “Hello!”
20. to fellow walkers, unless in a built-up area; learn to
21. fold your map properly; show strange dogs and cows
22. who is boss; don’t be afraid of dictaphones*; try not to
23. have a beard, but if you do have a beard, have a dog as
24. well; try to avoid headwear, unless strictly necessary;
25. choose an apt soundtrack for your walk; watch out for
26. fookwits and loonies!
27. This last one doesn’t apply specifi cally to country walks.
28. It’s just something that my dad tells me every time I see him,
29. and it’s worked fairly well as a general rule for life over the
30. years, so it probably works for walking as well. *voice recorders

Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/sep/11/eight-rules-country-walks.

I. O texto 1 apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com diferentes espécies de abelhas domésticas.
II. O texto 2 apresenta a análise de uma experiência realizada por membros de uma mesma família.
III. O texto 1 descreve diferentes comportamentos, e o texto 2 apresenta sugestões inusitadas.
IV. Os dois textos propõem medidas preventivas com base em situações ocorridas no passado.

The correct statement(s) is/are