INSTRUCTION: Answer questions 56 to 60 in relation to text 2. 

TEXT 2 

1. Everyday conversational narratives of personal
2. experience might be regarded as the country
3. cousins of more well-wrought narratives. The work
4. of archaeologist Nicholas Toth revolutionized the
5. understanding of Stone Age tools. Prior to Toth’s
6. studies, the received perspective was that early
7. hominids chipped a cobble in such a way that it
8. could be used as a pick or a hand ax. Researchers
9. considered the splintered flakes as waste products
10. and examined them for information about techniques
11. used to shape the stone core tool. While others were
12. analyzing the morphological shapes and cognitive
13. correlates of the chipped cores, Toth, in a radical
14. turnabout, discovered that the flakes were the primary
15. tools and that the large stone was an incidental byproduct,
16. possibly a secondary tool. The flakes turned
17. out to be “extremely effective cutting tools” for animals,
18. wood, hides, and other work. We posit that, like stone
19. flakes, mundane conversational narratives of personal
20. experience constitute the prototype of narrative activity
21. rather than the flawed by-product of more artful and
22. planned narrative discourse.

OCHS, E. & CAPPS, L. (2001) Living Narrative – creating lives in everyday storytelling. Harvard University Press, England, p.3.

Glossary:

Chip – small piece of something, like wood or glass, mainly when it has broken off something. 

Cobble – small round-shaped stone; cobblestones. 

Well-wrought – skillfully shaped or decorated.

O termo “as” é empregado com o mesmo sentido em “could be used as a pick” (linha 08) e em